The Weekly Advertiser from Montgomery, Alabama • 4

raurhtog new tnsptratton from the view, hw nun of soma ot the Stales. Ha the act of 1850 Otttclal JEraiiMKte Coacarnlam th Cufca In- Ammg otlter oncameRta aerompanyintf tbe Feiletc the Seaai 1 1 a isi) a ec5 is. ssZ The foundations of these must be laid in lbs affections of tbe people, and the security they afford to the objects which Government proposes to protect. If a struggle is ever begun, and ibe citizens ot one section of Uh country arrayed in arms anst those of another, in doubtful conflict, let the battle result aa it may, there will be an end of the Uoion, and with tlte end of the hopes of freedom." Ttie advocates nf rtstronf National Government perceiving that the rights of the aa averted by ike rUfHibliean party, are mere ctwtaeqtieneef! from lbs truth nf that the Constitution it a compart, deny that it tseilliern leagur rrmfedrmcy or compart between tovproiffn Stales. They inwt that it" caraeter CDUKt bs delsmiined main If from what appears upon its fare that it wss a proposal, the mere draft 01 arrirmmment, and only herame authoritative wowi it -was ratified miltenwwwitpreserineh Bat when thus ratified, they maintain it acquired vitality and spoke aothentirally; that it the" re reived the popular approhntMnt.

and waa lha einrestion of the people's will, jitxt a if it hadbeen jatwVd hy the people Thia argument does notdenv that the Constitution As kmg as the Constitution remains inviolate (hs rights of the Sistea are secure; Il is the great charter the substratum ol the Union. Without a faithfat observance of its provisions union may exist in name but the eonstitaiionnl compact, (It achievement of wisdom and patriotism, will oeseto be.thesjsii of our protection T-Wa strong tower" of defence. In ennnec'ton with this antfpet it cannot be nnt of place to sketch the history of the Federal Government, and consider the character of the On tlte Slat July, 177 5, a ptn nl alliance, entitled Articles of confederation and perpetual union of the Colonies" was submitted Dr. Franklin to Congress. A plan of whii-h this sketch is the basis was reported by a com-mi' tee in Mr.

Dickinson's hand writing, on the Wlh nh 1776. It was debated and amended from lime lo lime until the 17ih November, 1777, when it was adopted and promised lo the State Legislatures, wiu a letter explaining and recom mending it. y. This plan, afterwards known as the Articles ofConsdetation," wag ratified by delegates o' Wen wanl the coarse of Empire tnkes its way Tlie first acu already p-t. A ftfch lmh close the drama wirh the day Tmw'i Spring llie lt ORRVUbD XNETmTTE.

ORRTILLK. DALLAS CorSTY, ALA. -Number of JPupils 14 Session. IC4 Rcv.jAurs R. Msuutr.

A- Frtncipal and In. struct or in Moral and AatanU Science, and Belle Mai Dcnii rl mM Prof. n. A. Lowit.

M. Atmnttt Principal IK1AM1X r. JU(rLET. r.lt f. Mri.

Haiet W. jirmn Oliti All Mi Ehm D. Thomas. Dpurfin.iil. Olivia B.

Autii- Ei-iia D. Tiiom m. THIS Instilntion wnt fimixteil i Ihe fire! 1t of Sptfiiiher; NH9 mi will cummrnnt iu fifth irm od the tiret Moudar in Sf ptembe mt-mtW numbered 1H Mndent.Mimi the prepnt prm. -pretis fair ftr still rrpter inrrense ilw lha graduate of Trinity College, DuWin, and, fur tlis- in.r tnr.ti. PMrchM hiun Kmr Ij.lnggge in theCentral Masonic Institute, at r-Selmo, Alabama Hi reputation aa a linnt antl teacher of classics, ie too well known to Deed com- ani ominH mendation from us.

is a gentleman whoae aolinety, eta- ergy, moral worth anil literary attainments emi- nently qualify him for the position he oceupiea; Mr.Jt'ffrieBW a lady of many Tears exoertenrit teaehing liming tauirht with eminent aucceaa in MissitMppi mf Alubama and continnes hey position in tue emale Uepariment, to tho great delight of he pupils, by whom she 13 universally beloved. Misa Thomas is a lady whose matbwtw. intelli: genceand unobtrusive piety, fit her peculurly to" laaecuarKe oi yotiin. i Miss Allen, whocompleted her conrse of atndT- at Ihe celebrated Troy Female College, continues in charge ot tne ttiwtcal tlepnrtnieot, the duties of which position she discharged during the past session with so much tact, skill and distinguished ability. Miss Allen willcontmne to take charge of the Musical Department of the Institute; and thtv general satisfaction she bns heretofore given, both as a teacner ana perlomier, are sumcient to insure her the patronage of the public.

Rates af Tnilton far Session Tea Btunf hsi Primary Course 00 Acadrmie 1st Class. 24 00 ltd Class JO 00 drClaas. 40 00 Collegiate C. each 00 Music on naoo and 40 00 Use of Instrument fi 00 Plain Embroidery ft 00 Painting in Water 15 00 Painting in Oil 20 00 Wax Work, (each lesson). 1 00 Incidental n.

v.1............': 1 00 One half of the toition fees will lie due so the Isf of February; the remainder, at the close of th i. luch student will be charsed from the time of entrance to the close of the session. No deduction except at the discretion of the-PrmcipsL The Trustees and Faculty having nrganiied tin classes upon a regular college basis, with a view to having the Institution chartered at the next session of the Legislature, the friends and patrons may enter their children and wards with the full assurance that, in this Institution, they Will be enabled wprweruie tneirsiuuies 10 completion. i- There is a flourishing Sabbat school the Tlf-lage. There is also a Division of the Sons of Temperance and is the determination of the Trustees and citizens to prohibit 41ie vending of ardent spirit ia lbs plare.

We earnestly xecommend to those patronising the Institution that they board their daughter and wards in the Steward's Department (or in.o other manner can they reap the full advantages of tho Institute, as they will then be under the constant supervision of ihe Female Apparalu. The Institute is furnished with suitable Apparatus for the illustration in Natural Philosophy, Cbeniiatry and Astronomy BOAKJ). Board can be bad in the Institute. -village and viciuity, including Washing, Fuel, and ruoiu, ui iuu rxceeuuir low me oi eo vv per month, -r- Total Exjtditure inMalt Ptparlmnt, For Board, Tuition, ifcc, per 00 Tutal ErprndHurt iu female I)tpaTtmmtt. for Board, Tuition, per session.

.165 .00 fftmtfaf Iruslwl W.THOMAS, Presidentt l.t. OUR, Vice President H. COBB. M. Secretarj-.

1 B. Uallowat, A. Y.Howll;" Jou MoELaor, P. T. J.ats Wurra, D.

McElkotj vimu. o. vobo, jn. Filix 0. AuAxts, Joun A.

Nuaaoou, 'AjSWIS atOSKLBT, ALFBED AVKRYTT. Orrville, Angust 18, 18M-sept59wlv TITTY DOXXARt UBVTAAO.M Art aw ax irom tne subscriber, oft. Ihe 7th September last, my negro fellow STEPHEN. He is between 26 anil SO years of age, is about six feet hick copper colored, hioh forehead, will weinh about 170 lbs, pleasant countenance, had gotee when he left, is a fine looking negro. I think he is making hiss way back to Virginia.

He can read but I do not think he can I purchased said boy bit winter in Montgianery He wa brought from Virginia or Maryland. Baal boy has sum use of tools and was purchased as a rough The above reward will be paid for said boy if uut of tha Slate, ami rnenty-frva ouuani ii 1 1 iuu ue oiate. aud eonnneti ia pol an Ibatlgethiia I'arks-XjindirgWilcm Co, Ala, Oct. S-w -i cominirTED 1 1 TO THE JAIL OF DALLAS COUNTY, a runaway alave, on the 8th MULATTO BOY who call, his name Sam. Said by ia aged about years, isaix feat two ar three inches high.

He has a black mark on tne wnne oi the left eye, also a Desk mark upon hi left shoulder. He says he belongs to Patrick Biv-ins of Chortaw count v. Alabama. -The owner requested lo come forward, prove property, pay charges, and take him away, or be will bo dealt wun aa tne law directs, this the 16th June. 1861., August Id 4m Sheriff Dallas Co, Ali'' DBNIBTHTT.

In all Its Branches, by H. O. H. KeNoiU II" oicncil.il propuses visitms; llm a ii following places regularly, lo wit: nft 0a Bowmtr, Dadsyills, Cisirr. Wnt Polirr, Escw, Duoutville, Cl Alios, Ala, LAllAAjor, ueosoia.

All wWsare in want of the servii-es or Dentist a fair trial he fore any on because he has visited tne aoove txnnta regularly lor tu last two years, with abundant oucceea, and intend tn continue to lu so that hu akill in tirofaaslon nwy bw rigidly tested, 'u a Dr. McN. due not promiso lhat ptrtlUn in kia operalnms which a niany have boHatingly otHain ed, but will endeavor lo giv muovIiom la every paiient remenioerina, ai all lime, mas lu repw tatiiai at a Dentist i far alma a "little sordid If' Dr. wwilil particularly call the altentnss parent and guardian tu his manner of regulating thy teeth of children. Believing Oust ah euacs er srsnfH ss iMlrr than ponntl nf cvn, he has1 auneasinuy aevotea a grml part of tint Ua prevention of diseaa in vhildren's teeth.

Ladies visiting Lafayette fur the purpaat of hat' ing operal ui pevforined, are reepectfully sMle to spend tlieir time with Dr.tlcN, albn rtMoanorj fipecimens of work can always be seen ua appli aata, AH work wamtnied froin one lo toree yeari Lafavetle. Ala, Nov. 10, leol-wtf i -i WAWTSD. BY young; tear her, nlai laia IwhJ ail yanrs'aip. lieili-e in teaching, a ilu.iu.si a the yeor 152, Addr A.

Montgohiery, grf Ing arhiimti.f seWI. ktASArVAY RISAWAY th.nr.tU Aaaat la, aegro boy aaaicd ACK.atMat ftee a Kwn aiel uiueteen yeais utd. black eomoleaion, spaskj ami muvea uickly. and was avosatHt fma VVa.ua, I will jive a rwuutuba nsrj fur iu (asiaryay lu. nr inf.HT.0M..li I osu ret Uui.

a Nprn the ame subject been faithfully executed? uei do! on, Liimitana, an4 cyraense answer. Have we witnessed an aoforced submtsion to process founded upon thia enactnent, or has its execution been tred by the the mil itary, or assisted by trmney contributed oy commercial friends of the South Have no suiis false Hnprisonmenl, defamatwn, Ac, been result of the assertion of a well grounded Primary nasemhlies and Sia'e Legislatures at North, have demwnced thia enactment ew ndefenaihle in isnrals and policy, and unanthor-J ised bv the constitution. In anme instance, its expediency and const it ulionality have both been admitted; bm in many more, acquiescence mere has been advised, until what are there regarded obvious defects, are remedied by an The slavery ngitalinn has canned a spi tior.a! itvisinn of the Aietltodist Kpiscotial Church and' the Missionary Society the only conventional iframeitt that united the Haptiit Church in toe Uuited Stateis resolved that it would appoint no slave-holder a missionary, and thus severed the connection by forcing the South to organize a Bapttst Missionary bciety It itself. 11 it were not invidious I could mention other religious denominations at the North who are controlled by anthslavery influence, 1 J- Ju connect. on with tin top tt may not oe inapproDriate to observe the vast increase ol free soil territory since the recognition of the independence ot the United Slates by Great Britain.

At (hat period it contained than (wo hun-: dred ilvmsaitd square miles, now it embraces an area nf almost two millions and hundred thousand white the slavetsrritory, which con tained more than six hundred thousand square miles, does not yet measure one million. 1 have thus narrated ludisputuKe lads, showing tbe -reaalt and present conditiitn of this unrestrained and misguidedciHitrnver y. The task has been an unploaaant one but I have felt it a duty to draw the picture, though it may indicate tlie pmgressivespiril of abolition. In view of the past, would it discover an nh-becoming distrust of the future, to express (he apprehension that (he anti-slavery feeling, unless arrested hy union of opinion, action at the South will continue to advance, until by the addition of new Statea in the North, it will not outv coutrulthetegistation of Congress, ut wij become strong enough lo remove every provision of the constitution that tifterierea with the conannmn-tton of its purposes. do rtct propose to inquire what evils, moral.

social, commercial, inuflieclual aud pecuniary, would result. from tlie complete triumph ol north ern antagonism; how production aud every -UuUig thai can. unproveH.tU cunditiou of man. would be ath-cted. These ate topics -of the uravest import, and thotich nnldiSbuItof explica lion, require more time than 1 can now devote to hem." LettheSiuth be united npon this ah- oruing suojeccf una mo deling tnai prompieu the ueneral Assembly of this state in the pass igeof the resolutions of March, 1848, become predominant throughout its length and breadth, tlie threatened evils may be avoided, the 1 constitution preserved, ial (lie confederacy There have been itidustrioU3 ehorte, by aboli-lionista and those who aympathizs with (hem, to the Southern people -who oeu no slaves in the crusade against the iniitutitn, ot at least to silence their opposition.

They have beentold (hat tliey would be be nf 'tilted by the abolishment of slavery, aud (hat the controversy was one between the North and tire Southern slaveholder, in which they have no iulereet. This is a specious presentation of he subject to a mind thai takes every thing upon, trust, without subjecting it. to the test oi iiKuiry aud reason. It is impossible for tlie Caucasian aud Negro races to live togetlteron terms of social and political' equality. assume as a truism Toey.

cannot live together othpr terms, u.dess the one occupies a position subordinate to theoiher. If tlie proportion of the euhmd people ww4a one to twenty, perhaps they would grad-u illy waste away by want aud disease, by idle ness and other vices, as we have seeu the Norih; But where the relative proportion is such as it is at the South, the inferior cla would contend ior an equality of rights, until they were realty ireduced in numbers, and probably driven -from Hie country: Many ot lite nhite people, to aviud such derangrm-Mit if soctil order, would 110 doubt expatriate them But, iu the ieautiute, the lauds being uncultivated, uuld yield a scanty subsistence. Much ihe greater pjrt of this picture has been exemplilied 111 Su Domingo-an iclsnd once ccl- -brateJ lur Us productiveness, has become aiinot-t 4 -Jcierl UMSif," and nliere, aiiuough neariy six'y years have, elapsed since the relatiou 01 master and slave ceased tu exist, tie war oe tweeen the llaytians and Dominic us, the antag onize races was, until lew mouths since, j.ro- ecuted with uiireeitting lury. 1 TP the abulitiou of slavery was consummated the slave-holder would reiaiu his o'her pmper'y, which would probably furuish (be means fur his removal. But the great majority ol those nl more limited estates, would be lorced to remain in ihe country tor Hte want uf iiieans to enable litem to remove.

This class then, even in this aspect of the case, would be the great sufferer. What can be a 2 1 eater catam'ty to the man ol virtuous hnpulses and aentiments, than lo be ctnitined to a society of antagonistic opHihtns and practices tr Society which furnished 110 protection for the person or character, the earnings of industry or property in any form 1 Such syoold be tlie condition uf things iu most the fekiuthera Stale, if-, aboliliou were effected without tlie expatriation uf Hie slaves. It the necessary result of a depravation of moral and a ceaelos eunlroveray net ween so inferior ana naturally a superior race lor power, promiscuously hiiisbitutg the taioe territory. Iu such a state of society, it could net benefit the laboring while man lo be let into Iho possession of tlie rich lands. Tlie law practically would furnish no pndeclion lu the products ol the soil.

These, without regard to right, would be (orribly or stealthily appropriated tu support the vast ambers wbuwouui apena itieiramin id eness and other aVbarbtf vices eotnequrntly absence ol an incentive to Industry a uuld superinduce li is tou well understood, to require clabora lion, litat lite utburing man, an agriculturist or a mechanic, derives a greater beuvfU in proportion to his means when the marketable products of Ihe country are abundant, and tlte or ices compensating, than the otn 01 wealth iu this country the Urge planter dends almost entire! on his cotton; uhile the sin ill one cal culates quite as much upon Ins grain crop and other pro, o-tons, a ou Ihe great s'apie. tiei cotton advaitcra the farmer usually rr-lrlcta his corn crop, even below what, upon a lair caico latMtn. would be sufficient for his eousumptlun Under such stock are nrtilvcted, and dtniim-h in nambrrs and quality provisions every defcriptiott (-onsequently appreciate. Suppose si very slhiald be abolished without removal ol Ihe slave, we all know dial Cot; on, rate, aid i4her 8otiern staplra, which ran only segMwn esienstvfiy by alave Ubor, eld Minor rtcb is 1 or reclaimed marshes, noald aad be groam (r its eWtnand. Mary those karalHtes charged with malaria, whicit cow pa I net nave but HUie et icct aism thu A ncaa, would prove destructive to the white man.awl prevent tttm trim autttva- tins tiieru.

ouiess mscsd bv The groat staples ceasing be nlfject of son meres, tttrie wuoid be a duninisueu demand lot fneelrhiricat labor; and the agrtcuhurisl, evert he acre permitird In et-t (he product i.f hi totl. ftuuUJ ba couioellrd to aell bta prutisttms at 1 rc greatly sooaoqoeitce ol thf svarcdyol nwmey. 1 ta 1 I ciinwt here extend flteae yiews, snd would lot bate noticed Unr dwugeuuou efT-rt lo ihf aud the masses of our citixens, id 1 ihemvd li octastou a(opriate to rebuke aud esifwe il. tel sd.1 the mq-iiry itina-UasUbalUlm lakdaitf Jthtla pw' wf ltetMiu au4 Jkc umw) aosmii), m'' eettwily nod poaatiitwilf auoa! limn suy other tmaa, asms laat smtsw IsvmscUeN by La inlvl SHau by and Hcmse Representatuex Tbe popular voice has again eal'ed me to (be respnnaitile station I have occupied for tw years, nd 1 a 0 Dear be lore voa to renew, artleaw ntrm. he pledge of my faithful devotion loth public interest.

In contempJiong the kindness and ta-. I have so often and so long reoeived from the people and their representatives, I am protoane-ly impressed with emotions of gratitude and in return beg to offer both to them and yourselves tlie homage of my sincere thanks. In the performance ot the dimcmi ana araamis uties devolved upon me during period approxi mating a quarter of a centnrv, I have doubiless. committed many errors. But I am consmVd by the reflection, that human judgment in its most perfect stale is fallible, a 'id that the heart ha ne ver assented 10 any violation ol right and justice I found a home 111 Alahama in my bnvhood re she bad pat off her territorial popilase.

Since my early manhood 1 have occupied a posi tion of high trust in her service. Site is the ratr Mother of whatever reputation I enjoy nd If forffrt thee, oh land of my adoption. my right hind forget her cunning. If I do not remember thee, let my tongue cleave to the nwt ot my rroo'h- louwilt pardon this allusion to myself it is (he impulse of grateful feel- tiie prompting of vanity. he present and paat year have been distin guished in the history of the American ranfeder- cy bv important events oi the most exi-iting in- errst.

4 lew honestly beteived that he Union waa in imminent peril of dissolution. tnd that a disrupt ion uf pany ah ores, and the formation of a tiew conservative orvanistion waa essential tu prrservatlrm. AmiHst tHe fierceness tliertrile, I have endeavored to oc- eupy a stand point, from which I could survey witn calmness the warring elments, contemplate the past and the present, and with soli-pua- session reason uimn the fat re. ope nine of the hrst session of the thirty- nrst Congress tt must be contesseu awakened ap- prehensious of the harmonious continuance of tlie iu uhich. indytng fnm repeated demon- Orations, the last General A -eembly participated witu remarkable unanimity.

15ut the passage 01 certain, acts of Congress called Cumpromise Measures," were epprm-ed or readily concurred in by some, and quieted their fears. Others re garding some ol these; enactments aud thectr- uumstai ces associated with them, aa evidence of a powerful and pro winy spirit of antagonism to aardn the South, denounced them as unjust, and abirmed that the Slates legitimately pnsseseed Hie power et vindicating rh- rights thev had ne ver yielded op; though they consented that tlie past should not furnish an occasion for a resort to any radical or disorganizing remedy. A third class, equally intelligent, but comparatively few in numbers, despanng ot the future and regarding the honor of tlte South already tarni-hej he? vond the hope ot reparation, were ready to dis solve the connection of the State with tlie Uuton, preptre for such an event. My opiuUma har: mniiized with tlie second class because I thought their principles were altogether conservative and 1 strict accordance with the doctrines of the Republican It is not my purpose to awaken the spirit tf corttroversy, or to inquire which of these three parties maintained the true ground. I won Id nut uraigu the integrity of either for I have long since learned that the great majority of all parties are houest, though many who aspire to lead ire aliens to patriotism, devoid uf sympathy lor the people, ami hug, as with a miser's grasp, the idol self, as the solitary prompter to action.

-r The Uoion is safe far as past causes of di-cord are concerned. The ultimate depository of poJitcal power, liave decided to abide the measurtt of oumpnmisp, and he continuance of agitation ariH bat weaken the cause ot tlie South by prwoking anddiscuverlnu nr internal disseutionsi lu the comparative calm, however, upon hich we have eptered it is pner -to cousifhr the position of the great question which baa so long disturbed the barer ua! reUthmsof difirenr sections uf the confederacy, tn inquire how we can maintain the supremacy of the constitution and the rights of the To burrow the language of Mr. Jrfler-sm, let ns remember (hat 'Toe price of liberty is ceaseless vyil aud tint Hhe States should he watchful to note every material usurpation nit their rights iu denounce them as they occur in the in-ist peremptory terms to protest against them as wrung tu which our prestnt submission tiaii lie considered mil ua acknowledgment or precedents or riffhl, but a a temporary yield in to tiie leaser evil, until their acemnaUlion' th il. aeciune intolerable 1 his occasirat does not allow (lie lime to trace the history of the abditiun moveineut from 1832, wlicn-the that society upon an enlarged pian was wmed forthat purpose in B-Mttuh Wfaltamiw hat 1 he movement has proifressed with gigantic ridf, fn as to baffle our calculations, if uutsub-due oar hose of the future. mi- 1 The anli-slavery feeling Jias progressed, until he 21st rale, intended (o make the abuse of the right of petition, harmless iu the Ke-oresenUtives, has ceased to exi-t.

It prevemed the nrganiziliorrof the House at the laat seaiuo Congress fur weeks; and hutlunp but the ipioiun that the lawa of Mexico were in force iu 1 he newly acquired territory and lint a stiil hislter power bad made it unsaiifd to slave labor, defeated the application of the Yliw4 Pn.ttMt rorall practical purposes tbe I'ruvisa may be regarded a operative by the refusal to repeal the Mexican laws. One of the awl efficient means employed to advance the anti slavery scheme is tu degrade slavery, and depreciate the product of slave la- Already has this party sumcient pwer lu Coniiress to dictate the terms 011 ahich ue Slates shall be ad mil ted; and already dues it threaten that when itob'uins the oanptete con tnd the pe-net nation freedom will be tlie lead ing idea of Federal legislation. Votes in Con- vress from timi tu time are held forth aa au in dication of (lie increaaiug ctreiigtli of these views throughout li country. Statu legisUtu.tw have caoaht the hflin and coolnbuled lo (lie elfirts ol ti anti-slavery paly, by electing individual nf kindred seaitmeiUs to lite 8enale by resolu tions ueiHssaiatiwy of aiavery, and rmerposltig bin-dnmcM St the leoovwry ot lugitiveu frum labor. Candidates for office and place nave teen In terrogated, and answered acceptably to abolitionist and free Mjihvs, whn sere the majority of the The pulpit, whoae occupants are (he professed teachers and reflectors of Oiviuity, ha often lent Hseli lo tbe en'erprii-e i and the press, political, rehgioa and literary, ha wieh'ed a wide -pread itiflueme.

mtsaariea Irum abroad have delivered excitinr and truthless lectures, Nurtb ut Mason's and Uixnn'a line; aial foreign tuoriaia, insensible tu the hospitalities tltey had rrreived, hare thrown back their arrows puiauned with ma lignant filselnaid. Great Britain. France and other sowera of Ru-rope hive sbolialied slavery tu tltcir West ludia Cofoniea, and, lo lite cruel and demur atiiing vaasalaga at borne, have turned against as all lira mural and politiCBl power ibey sen command. Fifteen years ago slavery wad generally regarded a local flair, which concaroed tbe Stales only in wha-b it exiaied. thea, sad) lot Mine years considered a snhjeel loo delicate tu be discnasrd in tmgnns.

ilieaiili-slavery agiialion in its nr I demons! rst ion, we vary well remember, was rttnbnted In fanaticism. This may nave been troei but a new gtn- oratii baa some and is cumin norm the stag, who have seen faaghi front rhildhus that slavery was a grtat morn I evil, advs-rse hi the rrhgion un? B'he. it pnrtntuis That Wiese Will pre mrmit their eirls without a change of mural sentiment? Mere atxtraet oplhm at tte North ls'agsiut as. Tlie hope gain fnn Houtberu p'uuucis aud Commfrcisl irauaacliriis bolds q-iitea hhu oaf in cneri oot srftos)tpnHnisng tarMtrrtm, whtrn asrrnot se swbuneu, either wy peretiaSMiu or force, speaK oui. it name ifirstv under Hs disorgaiiiiins; banner ibuoMi! art' arrayed, and many JioiricU nuside of (lu lare eiiies, already to tls sa.idiiit, Tue aal uf I1UJ, lor (he rtUui4inm uf Yugt-Urea hunt LbuS, was reuderrd imrTicloal b.

ty.m and lU'aaywt'lcivailuig kgLlnL lor the th ly its It President's Mewage mas ai! the eorresporioVnce between onr GoverneDent and Spain, relative to the invasion of Cuba by Lopes and his men, tlie pi toners esecnted, those carried to Spain, cc. They are of much Interest, but entirely. too v-lumiofHia fur oar col arena. There are a few points in this correspondence that wa design to notice. J- It will be remembered, that after the execution Crittenden and his party, and tlte firing into United Stales steamer Falcon, so grtat was eta raw and indignation of the people of the Culled Statea that the President waa forced to end Commodore Parker to Cub to enquire "if cilwni of the United State were among the persons shot, and whether (he offence with which they were cliarged teas taiisfaetnrily proved and 'o obtain a copy of the pmccejingt if the court which sentenced the prisoner; the names lha prisoners, their native countries; the position of th boats at the lima they were captured the courae they ware taking, and whether person on board of them were armed, On tiie 6'U September Commodore Parker write il department giving the relt of interview wHb the Captain General, of Cuba Here are a tew pr -graphs from tliat letter: He (the Captain General) rruretted the ne ceanUy ttf Executing iba prisonera eaptnred iiie ooara no toe uayea oi tiie Nlanu.

out tfeniPd an ant of necary severity, the circum tancen, aud he it it to be his duty In nuke an example ol them, tn order to deter ot Iters tnikiuea siutUar attempt. He stated that he considered thrm a pirates, und that they hud been denooncpd in the nroc tarnation of thfl- frtst- tent of th United. State; that they were tried a snmaiary manner and fatl prof turn uii, i'u oi iiHiir pvructpamm iho iu- vasnn ol lie iiOana by Lopes, lie did not con side hirnselt at liberty to furniah me with tlie on the trial, but would send them to hts own Government, aud to the Spanish Mints- lerat Washington, wlm would do what wa right it the mnttrr. on the cail of tlie Government of the United States. Tlie execution wa- delayed from half past eevrn u'ctock A tu eleven, in order to gtverhe prisoner an opportunity riting to their Iriend, during wlm pe riod they waJe the declsraiiun.

that they cunli luteua pan oi the torcesul upez. "These particulars, he stated, were given fer my persouaratistaciion. Miasm uch as lie was not invested with diplomatic powers, but relerred our Guverunrent to i lie ypanish Minister at Wash- tngtoiii iu whom mpiomatic powers were invest' hy her JHaiestr Government. ''As locitizent-hip, he said that majority of them claimed to be citizens of the United states, bulthev were from various to unmet and that it waa of no consequence lo what nation they had belonged, as they were captured iu the waters Cuba, with anus in their hands, endeaioring to escape in bouts fnm an expedition in which they had engaged against tlie island of Cuba. We WL-h here to call special atteiuioo to the reasons given by the Captain General of Cuba for the execution of (he fitly men with Cruten den.

"lie says Commod tre Parker, "th be couMd red them aa juroes, and that they had been so denounced ia ike raeUtmalicn of the President of the United States." fc i Here, then, is the whole cause of the butchery of those men the President of tlie United States himself hud denounced lliem as pira'ety and ot the Captain General saw objection to executing a band of such We ask, now, in all fairness, upon whose liead does the moral guilt of the butchery of Crittenden and hi rest knot Millard Fdlmart chargeable icith their ut'irdrr It be nut even mte guilty than Concha himself It seems to as (hit every right thinking man must come to this conclusion that if a jury were bitting on the trial of these two men, Fillmore and the Captain Genera jr murder, tiie former should be found guilty aud hung firat, as the first and chief culprit. As to tlie firing into the Falcon, the Cap'ain General claimed the right of a Spanish Cruiser to ascertaiu the character of merchant vessels iu the waters of Spain, and ''expressed surprise that Lieut. Rodger (tlie commander of the Falcon) did not couuvte at once, as the min-ofwar was ouly duing what, by (he laws of nation, she clear ly bad a right to doi We went to war with Great Britain in 1612 abrogate litis principle of the rijiht of search jut it seems rhat the present imbecile and cow ardly A hni nisi rat ion permits the contemptible GuvernmeuL ol old Spain lo assert and exercise this denied right with perfect imputiity. For tlie prisoner not executed, the nern meut of the United States had some correspon deuce; dUtiuctly disclaiming, however, any fight to interfere officially in the matter, but simply expressing its wishes oa tlie score of humanity. Mr.

0en, consul to Havana, waa addressed by be acting Secretary ui State, Mr. Crittenden, in behalf of the friends of those who were exe anted, aud who deairid to obtain flieir remains fur interment. Here is an extract from (he letter which exhibits the light iu bich those unfortu nate men' were more properly WeweJ by the acting Secretary uf Slate, Ibey had been executed; 1 "Tlwse who met this fate were mtlr inex- perWnced youtln, who Imve evideutlv been enticed and -guiled by falae Inrea and miarepre seulatiou; but i nut doubled Ibat Ibey were auimatcd at i Mrue titne by impulsra, wkicb, under prupet circumstaAcea, wuul haw dtme he ia liotior, and secured tor litem Uat apprubaiMu ol tte world. "They were orwoertiooaWy tha dopes of Ln pes, a Spanisb subject, and uf other individuals, wuoae hs Hires tins is nut Hie time, nor indeed have I Ibn dissoailHMt. lo ctiiirw.

'ltie lives the vie tiro nave atoned fur all lUe wllie Uy tUHuuiilled, and tlie loyal autlwily of Sjaiiit, ag ibwt whom all Uieir acta were auaed, lua -xarciaed a Urribla leuiuuUua upon Urn inva-ders. The snost of the victims we know were very voaiif and 1 venture declare my own conviC' lion that Ibey bad uvt the renvrteal idea id the crime tliey were euntnittiogtbut were influenced rattier ny. a magMideil enthusiasm lur nuvrtv tliau by any criminal motive. Had llev indeed comprrheiMird the cruel deceeiHia really prr ticadapuai lie, and hkb naaiiy ot them aiie euvured only wnen uas taw late, that iever wld baveaaDuarked the nt-tatro trie criminal euterprhm. (lie catastrophe of hch has ren deied nereaaary tbia appeal liom their aurviviiig taiainee.

Had that infamous proclamation that denounced the gallant and nubia Crittenden and his followers not gone beyond the view taken of their in this letter, those brave aud greerou torn would aaoat ptobibly never bate met their untimely end. Mr. Webster sends Iu our minuter at Madrid, a petition of the citizens uf Mobile, Alabama, in behalf of the pruonars, to be presented Iu tlie Queva of Spain, aud aUo writes a sickly, a hi mug app4 to the puib Government in Uwir WUali nut aa a right Iu interfere tu the matter but solely oa the scuff nf man i.e. The bole corraapuiidcnce logatber he pail of ovr fueewaianl, (s nuwortby use aairvalry uf ear great cuairtr, aud rise from its pern-sal hi di'st at tlx 14 aqtbott, vr hr let In ihe L(-isUture jpfiitrdfj but Inle vna rf save the installation the (inter no. Mr.

smrnttg, Ijiwirncr, ommrared an able and telling ffVfcH wpnn the rcsn.ntinns of ap- irol4tioft lo Kin and Glen-tent, bat cnt Aitf by II nrmal of rifcnrif 'cWk, the lime fixed for tin ceremony nf toe inauguration, ile will proUMy conctudt: lo day. and we rliatl tKrn have mmMliinz tosay'of hi and Union Un suffer so trie pi Ins Cerium. 4 Inanguraitou the. tiuvwraor. bi TI-C Ccre.nm.yof iiungiiralhm oltiie Gov- ntnrcbrcJ, U.

Y. Lclcier, took place on yes- tswday. of the tar looses of ilie Xifiierk! Assembly, tiker wast brilliant raUxv Is-be pre Nit. etl im Urge somber of rentfefneii, from all inrr of llie S'at. At I'J vVcfnrk (lie Governor ivas escorted into tlie Hall of i he Iliuistt by the appropriate committees of bn lijilatrre Mbe "Moot ginnery Band" being pywrt iniireafngr tbe scene by beautiful 1 i lL ttuov urn it7 uutciimi nmil His lum- jwul address, occupy tnj about an bonr; after Htbich the oetli of office SasadtmnVered by Mr peker Rather.

The cvretnonies uf the day jtuuud up with a. tpiendid Inauguration Bah at Crarert HaM last nibi. -T AV'e have commenced tli( morning (tie pnlili of the Liaugnral Addie, which we shall mnMe lo morrow. v- 'The will be fonnd to advocate tbe republican dr trine such as Una been ban led down to im by X-ffiron, and Jaclt-on, the father of the republican party and we lel sure will meet general concurrence from ibr mcroVrs of UmI pnrty. Federal whig-, pery wiH, must probably, nt like ttv for they w're to subscribe to the republican creed.

Sedition htwi" and the BrUtsk form of government were always snpe--siui turefiublic.tiiim in their eyes iir are prvMb)y io yet, with must ot them. Cut is wc have survived ihVit -oppoeiikm dimppro-bnou so already, ft is not aliitgethtx improbable that ftefchall be sole to "nick ou" uuhoutit httle while lunner Kxblbllkn by the Dnf Mutei. We tiie pleasure of beiiig present at the interesting exhibition of Mr. VatterM)n(oit Taeitday eveuuig last, si which the great pro "ficiency a few deaf mates, who had been taught but for a short rime some three or four muni hs, we believe wasmide. manifest, to the gratifica turn and sunder of the audience.

It was indeed aitoiiiehiiig to see those liad beeu deprived the twu.iiuwl important organs of cnmmunica iOH( su rafidly and accurately coitvejiuff intclh jreoce Irmn me tu an'thtr, by means of their vrn; and nut nuly tso, but lo read and to write ease and faciliir, letters of tlie ordinary any word sentence supgrstcd to by ijs manner of the reprise n-tation of tlie Iml Prayer is trnly imposing and Mlemn, and cannot tu inspire in the behold 1 rrrevtreuce au awe fnr Ute Supreme Being. Watteftun-V exhibition was highly satta-ttctory as far a tr went be has but four schol ars a yet, and they areot Wa few n.untiis ltarhiigt so that it ruuld nut have been expected that they cud id lae appeared to the same ad vantage as pupils of a long rtanding in a regular Jiutuutioo. The wU jjvas ery Unfavorable fa in intense c'tdr so that but lew attended; and hopethercfure.lhaMr, AV'atleriuu will give another eAbtLititfD at an early day. A We truat tlut the Gertiw's fecomtneiiddthm "on this sulVct will receive due attention, and tuat the present Legislature will not adjoori1 vutd tiiey have made tome adete enactment iu the premise. Tola" MosTRl-ihe Herald aay i at lie York Hotel, and has engaged Mr.

Uarry, 4iftiie iliondway Ttieatre, as hr Theatrical A- Ve believe la; sue noi yet accepted an engaireinent but wiU frubably at the Broadway. The oerxnuk) appearance of Lola is detidedh rikihg; her figure it-straight, lec face remarkably beauiifHl atid lr Urge black eye ive ler ind caiions of her cluiracter, aud flah arf aher eoiteraatna beciinea auitnated. ller hair is jet ck, and curb in ringlet, Ur a yuuthful appearance, although she iab ateans as yomn! a kaifca. Ikwevtr. this is subj-ct that liave a-boaiueBa to uied diwi Ete-Mer.

iCjnwpiMuienw of the Chajlesum Courier. VA-iiiKGnK, Dec 9. The Senate CommiHeea wre appiuted ye, terday by relutiuw. Tnet are not very dtffci- eat Inun tlie cm4 of the hui wrt.a. Air, of irgima, lakea tiew.

Fowte place, at tl tadofrheCou)raHtperf F-reign Aff.ira. Gfti 1 Rusk enntiinic Chairman at the CuaimittM ol 1W Offices and rt UoiOs, ond Mr. Hunter, blithe ('omtniuee of Fiiimice. aud Mr. lUiul.n, im itw oiniuittco Commerce.

The Ctimaiii-tee on Naval ArTiira now of unusual iraivr- titce. Dr. is ai tlie head of Uial cue, and ill proowe (he moat tiueral scbemea fur extend lug steam navigation, and (or the lotifase of the navv. 5 'IV llo- CooHnillees will be announced tiaav. i'he 8wker ban Itaal nwh dimoulti in arrangtualiraa Mr.

I fxiat of Chairmaa of tlie Commtttee of Wayr i. fid UeanA' It waa offered to Mr. June, wl 'iVnoeaaee. wh it la atd, baa dtdinefl It. Tliere habt eu touch embarrassment ta wirsa- (utf HieCummittee val Affurol tlif Hyue Tlie lormei Chairman, Mr- Sfcaatoav ot Teniies a.

tvetiier wrtk a aoafwrty 4 Ummftk-r, ImrtM the last Cowrie, wet in hwiif Kaxa lry i sud tlie Kjohv lte of tt-amcr, and hue to Witatighi fmm CilHornia, and aeveral other similar A now itr of members who are bmiite lo thrt privets nw hwist thai a awjmfty in memrrs ol tlte Comiuitiee-- liva ul 1U mue attati aviecieu mu uich tanks. At fceetiiitf of Vestry of St. John's fbunii Mauini.v m4iiif. December l-l, U'l naulultutis were auauiuioaaly adopted: 1 Aliokhl; pavinjrrartMd fm his naVnnfs. tltc UwJwwa IMayUavaluablaawl highly lmntd k-uWt tiu awitr((giio, and h- rfttifU aod weaii wre fnndr gif to ad-'tuiira ihttiU'iHlvf tl Churcb.

1 H' JJ, Ibat slH-ri-iimg a grateful iwolketion wrK' tf-B-h-'red by htiu for luaoy years aa B.t-ii.U of tiw Ywrtry, wml mmmr re fM-. bun, atul b-v tineu Wlrnt uuwUtttatiorM jitent i fhrHtai duly. 4.tJrtd. Thai (Lo sDtpathy this Uhy be uoirrtd ih Unuly wf Hie dWaavd, iiii.1 Uw buaidi Uwio wrtb asy ol ij.f- ol Lewis Ken aiioerf fear if IVoiteormry, weit uurii. Friday toab ll frb destroy rnf Wirt-if aitd ii jnr t1i wchiwr) oVruSv, I' thiB''tt ava been -rf a I'h estNbtisfraient was il fcj Jetmha, Agent vt t.

I.Marao l'ontai-, hnk Ul of Hie the of the bis it was formed by ih States as distinct communities, but insixis that until it was rait tied it was a cartt-btanrt that after its ratiBcatiou bv the several States it he- came a fc'nnrtiiuuon dm a compact, lmue or confede racy. 1 ue conclusion we nave peen if lounuea mamiy upon what appears in tha instrument itself. To my mind theareum-nt tseratnentlv fuuhy. 1 here who rule of ronximctioa which forhids us to look ontnale the Constitution to the history of its formation and ailoraiiin. for theourDos of lenrnine ilxirue eliantcter.

as it must he eontessed.it was formed and suhmit- leit bi CoDzrers and the for tiie aoorovsl of ueiegates to ne appointeo oy me it was inchoate and inoperative until it was rat men, yet when that event took place by tha act of the soverel Conventions of -the States, it not as clear a demons tra tion, that it was formed by, and became binding be tween the states who itun stipulated with each other; and was it not initialed or perfected hy the oeople rW lecrttcfyof all the States who became narties to il. Of course tlie C-onstitation operates dirwiry oi indirectly a law lo the people, yet litis attribute does not trans form it character irom a. compact to a law lieiween the Suites. Independent States, who do not me ra the it sovereignty and become consolidated, nejrotiaie alliances hy compact and not by law and tiis must be thra, allhitngh tha rjurpow of the alliance between the people of the Slates is to form a more per jtif ttce, ensure domeeiic iranquili-; ty, provide for the common defenoe, promote the gen-' era! welfare: and recure ihe blesMnijs of liberty to themselves and proFperity. I'pon no other hypoi hesis, can tlie of the States and the Federal character of the Union be maftitained.

It is admitted that tlie ConMituiion establishes a form of government withjiaiited powers for all the States, and that tothe.Xtent of the powers thus delegated, the States have agreed with each other to forego tlie exercise of the rights of sovereignly and commit them to tbe gov-rnmrnt of their common creation, If the of the States has been merged, surely the -Constitution should furnish some evidence of the fact. That instrument professedly enumerates the powers delegated, and consequently the modification uf the political condition of the States. The terms people of the United States1' in the preamble of the Constitution, liave been supposed to indicate that it was the work of tlie people eoikctirely Ifiu according tn all jnst rule of interpretation, these word mean nothing more than' the people ol the Slates who were onited by the Articles Confederation fur the Union which the Consul mion proposed to connim-male, was not ectnpleted unul Uio latter was ratified in the manner it prescribe. In providing that ''the ratification of the Conventions of nine Siates, shall he sufficient for tlie establishment of this Constitution between the fo ratifying the same," tlte language is most significant to prove that the ratification was intended to be the act of the States, ana tue onsiitutton wen a compact netween them The tenth amendment declnrrs that the pnwen not delegttteil to uie lititetl Mates by the l.onslilittiyii-nor proiitbiied by it to the S.ates, are 10 tne btates res pc-p lively or lo the neore. This nnienii- merit, with others, waa intended as the rnhntituin formal bill of ngiiis, and furnishes conclusive proof tnat tne powers 01 tne wnerai uoremment are hmued to those delecated that lhoe unsigned or committed in it; and that the States retain their sovereignty unimpaired as to all others Upon no other hypothesis could the latter continue the depository of the unerant-ed powers.

The delegated powers course embrace an authority to Congress to nmke all Inws which are necesfary and proper fur carryiug ihem into eiecut ion. Had this amendment, with others simnhaneonslv adopted, beeu embraced in the Communion, the patrt- otic fiEKRT Wouiu never nave netnsu aatontrhingly cimftinridetl by tlte words "We, the peuple of (lie United States' in tha preamble; ho would at once have seen that the Stales nt'euaed a more respectable condition than be apprehended. 1 have heen thin particular in considering the hfrto-ry of Federal Government, the extenvof it powers and thore of the Siale, and the relation they respec tively near toeacn otner, uko itie adjustment of these qnestioun depend our Dolitical strenirih. and in a good degree I lie prosperity and happiness ol the country. At period in the history oftheir'tv ernmetit, have latitudinous dorirines.

tending iiin laree lite delesaied and restrict tlm reserved awpra bad mure advocates aud apologUta ihan at the present oiue, iiu unto icn 11- BiruncieiiioiiiUUty tsit my voice, feeble as it may be, against such a deport ore ihan the constrncnon which tlie fathers uf the Repub lican pony gate wo vuuMiiuutJa. Shortly after the organization of the government, while it was regarded by many aa a doubtful esneri- meni. extraordinary powers were assumed for It, under the houvst conviction that they were necessary, and therefore authorised by a proper regard for the "public weiiare. inese nign claims were rrnt tne effed of a strife between eoiiiendina isiries. Thev from an apprchcnsioii that the $mtes would utlierwire lie too strong fur the Gnenil Government, and not with the intention to substnute a national ra Feder.

ai Government. Our political system was novel and conipioi time and experience were uecessanr to in correct understanding and appreciation. It was indeed au experiment, and it is not therefore to hj w4idereil at, that some uftlie purest and wisest patriots, who uua isrgniy roninnuieu iu mir iiineptinueiice, were advocates fur investing tha General Government with powers which went far tosuhstKute ronioiulatioa for a reuerutive alliance ul the oiatei. Ilia British Government, ihe avstem with which tliey were most familiar, wa lauded by tlm must eminent defender of enlarged oowers. the Imi mudl eitnnt.

Tlie emharrssment resulting from the want of power in CoiigreM uiater Ut articles of cnnfcdV ra il un, luuueeu tlie Dviiel that Ihe sovereignty uf I lie Smtes was a cunsideration subordinate to a stroue L' 1 1 have demonstrated that the richls of tits Sisjm uftenvacrificed hy a numerical mujurity in Cungws 10 a spirit of selfisluiew; and tlial more danger is to he apprehended by an assumption of federal power, tlian a too siteuuoua aneruon oy tlm o.attw ut uieu reserved rights A The advances made mainly by tlie influence of the optiiiuna uf that great man, Aleiander Hamilton, towards tmnsfoimui lite government from im trm character, led tu the pMsaga of tlie Alien and cdv(toa acts early in the adminitratiun nf the eider Adams. The firl uf them wiacimenbi rotifcrrrd upoa the resident an arbitrary jKiwer over alien frtends ami eneroie the latter abridged the freedom of speech, and the pre both were regarded aadespvtieaiol uueiaMiiutiunal. Tu eftei-i a repeal uf tliem acu, and arrest the aggressive tendency uf the government, the Republican pnr-tv was organised, with Mr. Jnersun stita Mr. Madiion, a prudent and calculating talesman, who hod acted a prominent pan in public attain, became associated with Air.

Juherso as a parusan.nngned hisseat in Congress, and waa elected a member uf tha Virginia legislature. In ibis body he was the author of we iryiuja Resolutions and repiut already rebrrad to, which, ueher nith tlie Kentucky Resolutions, have been over since regarded the Kepubliean cresd. Th upiruutw Uius put sunk wrs a roved by the people, prevented the re-elect ion of Mr, Adams, caused toe repeal of th Alien and Sedition acis, and wulod thmt ilia Contu uitiuo was an snablinfr iiistro-100 nl, granling specific powers and reserving all others. An adhere-ice to the Constrtniitin according to the principles under which Republicanism triumphed over rMssraltsm in 1301, is lie surest guaranta mr lha perpetuity of th Union. Tlw lamudtuous ronstnic uos) of that day, which threatened orerride all con stitutiunal reau-ictiuos, wa a far less (orotidabJ opponent than we have now lo meet.

Federalism tvrtainly has amoy mstnnaiin; and pwerfol advoraies, at lb present day. But wa ar not only lo embai it dt-stnicii. and absorbing tenets -abolition and frea-suiltara, eonirmnsfi of social order and regulated freedom, seek Ihe consummation of their otiliallowed soda, hy lis? dew ration of law and the utier disreganl of tha Ctsnstiiiition. I'hat there ar eunvcirniiuus abli limiisls and frea-sosvrs, I do not qtuwihrn, but thil tli tasl utakiriiv have no respect for rrhsion or a ours morality, I nl sqitally eonfrifent Tbrtr prfncinlea irecsmruy HicHna me is co-ooenujiin hiio nd ste-puhlieaiH and 8icinin of Franc and Germany, and tiM Ktdirals of tngland. AH I Net destmetiim of suctal anler bava Ummt advoemtrt.

wo tliia sds iTm Al- btntic and it reqoires a onion of all iha elements uf wpon-iuoti to aermt and rcenM their sleepieM dV'rls. niui use itietvase our territory, and tiwdivtrsity ol Uie pursuits aisl hahtui of tha profit of tiie Untied aHstbis, thrn atm a ravssinding ronfliei of Irtter-esti he nr there is a enmtoe neoeasuv Mm ouuniaifl- uig lis? integruy ami sitvngiiiot tits tonsutuiKm. i nat Histraawm, when mterorssnd aoeerdin to the theorv JetIerou and ImIiso, maintains a just ruuilibnam between toe delsiuled ami reserved ouwr; It mm aanm lha ewwitial rawmw of cwhwioa With a proper sat urn? iMc im ngnHmwa oiaam As friemtt of tha ehm, ainsl nasi thaw the Cotdriilnuon be nresertrd mvtitlnie. A dtsreafd of onrtHwuM works aa aOros oif wins cunsnorLamt will iwfsiir, if wa destroy, the Uasm at rreated. To arrest results su im eauf uf freitriH.

piss, art uestand titwimhly tmao the -s-wtdM-an ptaifmn, aud lit watrH-wonl ursl uvu." lW(lniiJiliil h'r-klra fitrhinl. i.U.. nd ftiwaetmiiw aa frdtraf ftvors bareptsftaiMt.areltsM pKopht noig in their strength praeth-ally RMintajuib rir lit ol Mlt'nie'nmeiit iha lnn 101 Ma ttavs re -reived Hwia sw fkihs-sa, TlM msf Inst-rds; up! isir banner, tM Const lUiUoa. Lbartv, ttoonattd i iii ire, one arid flieu nwy reoat with asitmt eoosVV-oe-; the Sstmiw-rle lit of B-rke-I-. mm deopowli'igly tsumiafmUMS aha on adoraw uf iW uhl wr-rMi msetmu'jiiif soul saw tbiiMwii thi ate wi im the trre! Aiftrsa, u-h it in the respective States at different times, but was not completed until the 1st of March, 1781.

when Maryland gave it ber assent. The ioeiheiency of these articles was mani fested during our -revolutionary striijglp, and subsequently. Their grea'es intirmity was.ihai they made Congress dependent upon Ihe Legislatures of i tide pendent Stales, for a rmnpli ance with its legitimate and projw -requiaitions In January. 17S6, a resfdmion passed he Legislature tt Virginia, proposing and inviting a meeting of deputies from at) (he States, at a time and place tn be agreed nn, to consider of tlie trade of the United States, ntc. 1 Thia Convention met at Annapolis, An the first Monday of Sepieo ber, in the same year Commissioners from Virginia, Delaware.

Pennsylva nia, New Jersey, and New York, only, attended, who addressed a joint report to the States they representedrrrcoptea of which were iranmitted to the Executives ol theseverat States and to Cimgress. This report recommended -the appointment nf Commissioners to meet in Philadel phia ou the second. Monday 111 May, 1787, to take into tbe situation of the United Statedto devise such provisions as are proper to render the Constitution ot the ederal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union. "and report such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary and to report such an act mr that purpose to tlte United States in Con gress assembled, as. when agreed lo by them, and afterwards-confirmed bv the Legislatures ol every -State, will effectually provide for the same." All the States, with the exception of ivnooe isiano, complied with the recommendation from Annapolis, and delegates were appointed by Uieir respective Legislatures; but a majority ol the States dd not assemble iu Philadetphi-i until the 25th May, 1737.

These delegates constituted the Convention that framed Ihe Constitution under which (he General Government was or ganged. The constitution provides that the ratification of nit; couvriiuuiisur nine amies snail ue sumcteni tor its establishment between tbe States so ratifying: it. In addition to this, tlie -convention adopted a resolution requiring it to be laid before the United States in Congress assembled, and declaring the opinion that it should "be submitted to a convention ot delegates, chosen in State, by the people wtereoi, unaer me recommendation 01 its for their assent and ratification." The people of each State chose delegates to their respective and by these conventions acting sever any, the constitution was rati tied hut not by Carolina and Kliode Island, until after the Government it created was uriruiiized. Thus it appears that the State Governments chose tiie delegates that composed the convention. which framed the constitution; and the people of tne states severally, gave tu it vitality and erfcet.

In respect to the character of the General Government, there i no difference between that established by the "articles of od tbe constitution; but the powers granted bv the latter are certainly more enlarged. Each of these instruments proposed the creation of a confederacy of states which had declared their inde pendence and achieved it with the sword. The fucmer emanated from the State Governments, the agents of the people; 4 he istter is tlie act of (he people of the States respectively, us sovereign com infinities. Tbe union of the colonies was hot the result of any formal stipulation between them, but was in duced by a community at' interest and fueling, that tney mrgtit present a more lormiUuble opposition 10 uie aggressions 01 tne mother country. When the Declaration of Independence nftirmed these United Colonies are, and of right, ou-ht to be, free and independent Status," it meant nothing more than that the colonies thus informally united.

put ou invir colouuii uopmidenre, and each assunien for itself an iodepeodent pulitical existence as a State; TT "articles of confederation" was professedly formed between the thirteen original States, ami distinctly declares, that "each State retains its so? reign ty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not hy tins confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Cisuress assembled." That such wits the view taken of the political condition of the Status previous to 1787, is abundantly shown by the de bates in the federal ounveiitiou. i Hie resolutiotu drafted by Mr. Madison, and adopted by the General Assembly of Virginia, with remarkable Unanimity in 17V8, declare that the federal government resulted "from the compact to which tbe States are purlies. A report by the author of these resolutions, distinguished for ita admirable logir, was made to the succeeding session of the Legislature, and re-affirms, "that the States are parti to the const itu thru or compact," tnat "uio constitution ot the turned mate was formed by the eanciion of the States, given by each in its sovereign caoacitv. It adds to ihttstabilitv aud dignity as well as the authority of (ha count i- uiuon, tiiai rests on tins legitimate andsoua foundntioo Tbe KentncVr resolutions of 1798, of which Mr.

dellerson i the admitted author, declare, that "tlie compact under th style and title uf a constitution fur the United States," is an einanai iiai uf "the several Stale composing tbe United State of Ameri ca" As early a January, 1827, the Legislature of this State, in a series uf resolutions protesting against lliaexercis ol unconstitutional power by the general government, and asserting the right reserved to lha States, characterised lbs constitution as a comDct between htdeoeiident auvvrviffn- ties, ami approved th coursu of lite Republican party ol oppoittuu to federal usurpation. It was again resolved bv th unanimous vote of tit Senate, and by tlte House without division. owing iiw session or 1847-48, "that the govern ment oi uw nit eri states 1 the result of a compact batwtfon equal otnlausratod sovereignti. The grnaraJity of exprewltins In (he Proclamation uf Decern btr HM, say lbs editor of the lobe, the govern nmit Daosr vf that dav. caused it lo ba miscunstrued.nl A only by th advocate of alatitadiuousomstructtuo.bul by tb Stala-ngbts party also.

Tu difabua tb muHtppt-ebtrnsiutts of uiesv panics, iiieeoiturpubltihed what ha vwn called the "Counter Proclantation uf General Jack- sun," in which it is said Hwa have enduavured to show that suthing in these generalities tended in lha sliifbtast difre lu iuntifv the mferencea drawn from ihcm.aml which have been submitted aa the principle of lb Wurbnuatiuc. Bui are tburised lo uwr exntuul. and to say positirelv that ou part of th Pruclamatiuo waa titaaot to cuunimanc tne nsmohuatm; priocipt which nave orta aacriDen 10 it. On tne ctatirary, ti doctrines, if eoustrMd the sense they were iuteudod. and carried out, inculcal that lb Cwnstitutiuu uf th United States is founded in compact that lbi eunipact driv its uhligatKOt from the agreement nued into by th people of each the KiaU1, hi Ihear pwlilioal capac ty with th peopht of theutW StatmHMhat tha SMfwututhm winch ta Ihe off-pring of thai sumpaet, aw Hs nattctmn in tb ratiftaitHat of tb paopia of tb aawral Stataa acthaj tba sa-pacity of separat ouunuMtiiira'' Tlr faraveli address uf General Jackarw, like fhatof lU great contains many vslua-lite trnilt, dictated by a lofty spirit at tutrtottatn.

lmuuisltc 01 that as the powers of the general auvvrnmettt are expraasly enuitwrated tberu can ba no jtstincafkai ciahntng any thing Wyiaxl them. Kvery atu-mpt etercim ptmet beyfStd tbfwhmitaiMld irmly aud onanptly oppo-ed, miii sf ftamslcd th ganaral governnint wiL bwlosr bung, absorb aU the powers of Wgimv tma, sod yos, (m eaupur will bavo in vuVct but MaiuulM uviuunuM. yikf "TWaMkataaamitthcaBsmtaM, awrtbs Uam sama 1 mpfmsition toymbiic k.Iit, iW iwt naiLs Wibtfwmrtrlv puwor. of if. as.