The Montgomery Advertiser from Montgomery, Alabama • 10

MONTGOMERY ADVERTISER ALABAMA JOURNAL SUNDAY, JULY 2 2.1 9 5 6 WO But This Was Sometime Ago (1857) Tell It To Old Tour name and address must be given on letter But upon request, name will often be withheld at the Editor's discretion We reserve the right to shorten letters No poetry, please Repeat: No letter will be printed unless Editor knows who wrote it. More School Money Is Needed tion. It was decided the same way several years ago by the Superior Court of Connecticut. so that this Connecticut law has now reen adopted by the highest judicial tribunal of the country, as trie constitutional law of the United States. ALABAMA JOURNAL pwoiuneo taci sundaa THS MONTGOMERY fcDVKKTLSKB Established 1KIS entered at the Post Office at afontcomery.

Second Class Matter Under Ast of Comma March 1879 i m. 9. HUDSON -Chairman Boars! R. P. HUDSON, JR.

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and all day Sunday News Department S-630J Circulation 7749 Colored News Bureau (all hours) 3-3888 Sports Department 4-8341 from Marine boot generation to boot generation have used the same or similar methods to instill discipline in the men that create the fighting unit of which we are so proud. This system is now termed a crime. I know that this Isn't the first group of boots that has had to make a marh into the Parris Island swamps, not by a long way. This dramatically called "Death March" was not Intended to do bodily harm to anyone, but rather to train our boys to follow an order to the nearest of their ability without question. These are the very things that have made the Marine Corps a fighting unit.

Unfortunately, for our country, Marine Corps discipline and tradition are being killed: the unquestionable discipline that has saved thousands and thousands of our American boys from probable death on the fighting front. Who am I am a veteran of over six years of regular Marine duty; two years of which I spent as a POW of the Koreans and Chinese. I have experienced and witnessed many of the different phases of boot training. too, have marched through sand dunes and the breaking surf with a sea bag or a locker box on my shoulderbarely able to get my footing and using what I thought was my last ounce of strength. I got the final test of what training and discipline meant during my years of internment as a POW.

I think all of you men that have gone through boot camp have survived ordeals of similar nature without 111 effects. I know I did. If you want to help Sgt. McKeon, stop right now and drop a card or letter telling of your experiences and teellngs toward Marine boot training to me or Sgt. McKeon's defense counsel, Emile Zola Berman, at Parris Island, S.C.

EDWIN B. JONES III. 2115 East 15th Tulsa, Okla. EDITOR, THE ADVERTISER In The Advertiser editorial under the title "The Corporation Income Tax Debate," the statement is made: "But today the record bears out the fact and educational leaders for the most part admit it that had the Good-wyn plan passed the citizens of Alabama would have been paying far more taxes to education than was really needed." Through your Grandma column, I wish to disagree with that statement. Educators justified in budget requests and in bills introduced in the 1955 regular session of the legislature the need for $15,000,000 more than the present appropriations which have been reduced to balanee the budget and it is estimated that $14,360,000 of the present educational revenue Is coming from a one-time, balance brought over from last year and from income tax amendment windfalls, making a total of that was estimated to be received from the so-caled Goodwyn Amendment.

As a cf the failure of the Goodwyn Amendment and the school bond issue, the state has no school building program. The $14,360,000 available this year from the surplus last year and from the income tax windfalls this year will not be available from these same sources next year under present laws. A. R. MEADOWS.

State Superintendent of Education. Montgomery. Support Sgt. McKeon Editor, The Advertiser: Let's give McKeon some help. I think that a man Is being charged with a crime that he did not commit.

Any Marine or ex-Marine who has experienced the dubious pleasure of an extended visit to a Marine Corps boot camp knows, or should know, that Sgt. McKeon is the victim of a very unfortunate accident. Drill Instructors through the years National By Ray WASHINGTON. TURTLE the Western Allies are occupied with problems Involving their diplomatic and political footing in the Middle East, and North Africa, Moscow has stepped up its campaign to achieve its most important and immediate objectives in the cold war. It has set out to undermine Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, and to attach a united Germany to its free-wheeling war chariot.

Moscow has made several oblique and seemingly unrelated moves to this end within the last few weeks. All are designed to convince a majority of Germans, East and West, that they can become a single, strong nation again only by allying with the Russians. Only by overthrowing Adenauer in next year's election, the Kremlin makes clear, can the Germans attain this goal. Moscow also has tried to demonstrate that life under the Soviet system would not be so hard as generally credited. DULLES AND NIXON WARN AGAINST RUSSIAN PLEDGES As an example of the gains which the Germans might derive from cooperation, the Bulganin Khrushchev regime withdrew Red troops from Austria more than a year ago, and set that country free.

Now, there are signs that the Soviet may restore a semblance of freedom to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and return to Finland lands taken after the 1939-1940 war. And greater civil, economic and political liberties have been promised to the satellites, largely because of the unrest that culminated in the Poznan outbreak. Secretary Dulles and Vice President Nixon warn that accepting aid or pledges from the Kremlin is akin to inviting a hangman's Dulles denounces neutralism as "obsolete and Immoral." But the fact is that the Germans are not willing to live forever In a state of suspended political animation. They crave security, and they may replace Adenauer with a pro-Russian chancellor next year In order to achieve it. CONSCRIPTION UNPOPULAR WITH GERMANS It Is true that a universal Matter Of Fact By Joseph And Steicart Alsop WASHINGTON.

rpHE REVOLT against the Elsenhower foreign aid program been by far the most significant phenomenon of the otherwise dull session of Congress which is now drawing to a close. The revolt, although it has been partially quelled, has been very real and very bitter. The House first demonstrated how deep the resistance to foreign aid runs when, for the first time in the memory of old members, it defied the solemn pleas of the Majority Leader, the Minority Leader, and the President himself, and voted to cut the program. In the Senate able men with enlightened foreign policy records, like Sens. Richard Russell of Georgia and Mike Mansfield of Montana, have fought like tigers against the Eisenhower program.

Since shortly after the war, foreign aid in one form or another has been the keystone of the American foreign policy arch. It is therefore worth asking what has caused the sudden, violent upsurge of resistance to the Eisenhower program. The reasons are partly political. Even at the helghth of the Marshall Plan period foreign aid has not been much of a vote-catcher, and many members of Congress have been receiving a steady stream of letters denouncing "sending all that money abroad." The Democrats, moreover, are resentful of the way the foreign aid issue has been handled by the administration. rVHE CHARGE, with some justice, that the administration, for political purposes, kept foreign aid spending low in the first three years simply by consuming the money in the pipelines, now that the pipelines must be filled up again, the Democrats complain, the administration expects them to come to Its rescue.

There are other reasons for the dis-affections among the Democrats. The South was once the stronghold of internationalism in foreign policy. This Is no longer so, as the position taken by Russell and other Southerners suggests. The Industrialization of the South has made it far more tarrif-minded and isolationist-inclined than it once was. But these are the surface reasons for the revolt.

Below the surface there is a deep feeling of disillusionment and disquiet, which explains the disaffection of men like Mansfield. The disillusionment springs partly from the fact that the Marshall Plan, the ancestor of the present program, was oversold, as many old Marshall Planners now admit. Make the economies of our allies healthy again, the Marshall planners argued in effect, and everything would be just Jim Dandy. The Communist Eroblem would fade into the mists of istory, everybody would love America, the aid program could be wound up in four years, and that would be that. The economies of the Marshall Plan countries are statistically healthier than the most optimistic planners forecast.

But the communist problem is still very much with us, so is the aid program, and hardly anybody loves America. NATO is morbund, the neutralists insult us one day and take our money the next, and so on. A CTUALLY, American aid from the Greek-Turkish plan on has been a resounding success. But it has been a success in essentially a negative way. In that it has prevented a total disaster which would otherwise surely have And it is easy to see why members of Congress, hard-pressed in an election year, have little stomach for "sending all that money abroad." It is all the easier when one considers how the foreign aid program has been presented.

The President, obviously, feels strongly on this subject. But many Republicans, while professing undying admiration for the President, vote against his wishes with no compunctlcn and no fear of the political consequences, and Democrats naturally tend to follow suit. In the Marshall Plan era, moreover, the need for foreign aid was at least defended with zest and conviction, whereas this year the defense has been about as formal dispirited and inept as it is possible to imagine. Meanwhile, the need for any real effort abroad has been consistently undercut by official protestations that every day in every way everything is getting better and better. Under the circumstances, it is surprising that the revolt has not cut deeper than it has.

And the revolt should at least serve as a warning to the next administration which will certainly have to continue spending very large sums of money abroad not to serve up its program to Congress like warmed-over stew in a cheap boarding house. (Copyright, 1958. New York Herald Tribune, too.) Living Today By Arlie B. Davidson Open Your Mind! THE open mind is essential to human progress. The closed mind has caused retardation and tragedy by blocking fpHE NAME of the United States Su-.

preme Court In the South today Is mud. Much of the criticism of the court is ill-considered; for example, the pre-court experience of the members Is hooted at without any consideration of the experience members have had on the Supreme Court itself, or that, members need not even be lawyers. However, It is not frivolous to depict, the members as nine sociologists, proteges grateful of the Swede Myradal. Actually, what the history of this country tells is that at one time or the other the court has" been by turns both hero and villain to every section. A hundred years ago it was the North that damned the court and enacted instruments of Nullification, at which time the South blew kisses at the court.

Furthermore, while applauding the pro-Southern decision of the nation's highest tribunal in the famous Dred Scott case of 1857, at least one Southern voice, The Montgomery Advertiser, took the occasion to flatly reassert that final decision rested with the states. The Advertiser, in effect, approved what the Supreme Court did, while denying its right to do it. It declared that it supported the Supreme Court "because it is right" that is, because it agreed with us. But It did not concede thai the court was infalliable. Far from it.

Here was consistency, even in the flush of victory. rHE DRED SCOTT decision was a sweeping victory for the South. Its main was the holding that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory of the United States. It had been believed, up to then, that Congress had such power, and it had passed laws banning slavery in certain territories. That was knocked out a man from Alabama or Georgia could now move into any territory, with his slaves.

Then, when the territory became a state, it might become a "slave" state If pro-slavery sentiment was strong enough. The Dred Scott decision held, incidentally, that a Negro, even a free Negro, was not and could not be a citizen of the United States. In applauding the Dred Scott decision, a favorite practice of Southern papers was to find a Yankee paper that agreed with them and quote from it. For, although the decision was widely condemned up North, there were some Democratic papers up there that sided with the South. pHUS WE FIND The Advertiser, In Its issue of April 4, 1857, quoting with hearty approval sentiments voiced by The Concord, New Hampshire Patriot.

These sentiments were remarkably like those being voiced today, also upholding the Supreme Court but with the shoe on the other foot. Under the heading, "Sound And Just Sentiments Toward The Southf The Advertiser quoted from the New Hampshire paper. Whoever now seeks to revive alism arrays himself against the Constitution and consequently against the Union. Of course It Is to be expected that fanaticism will rave and clamor against the decision of the Supreme Court. But fanaticism ceases to be a formidable enemy when it seeks to measure strength with the Union-loving spirit of the people, sustained and confirmed by the great arbiter of constitutional questions.

Fanaticism becomes powerless against such a combination, and hence we may smile at the madness with which the organs of black Republicanism assail the late decision of the Supreme Court. LIKEWISE, we find The Montgomery Daily Messenger quoting with satisfaction from a Connecticut paper. It seems that the Supreme Court had only adopted what was already the law in Connecticut. Sald.ITie Messenger: The Supreme Court decision is ably upheld and defended by The New Haven, Connecticut, Register. The Supreme Court of the United States, says that paper, has decided that the African race, whether slave or free, are not citizens of the United States within the meaning of the Constitu The Beauty Contest As A Tribal Ceremony The bathing beauty contest is a comparatively modern innovation.

But In the few short years of its existence, the ritualism has become as codified as any of the pagan ceremonies in Frazer's The Golden Bough. To illustrate: The selected "queen" must either faint or break into uncontrollable sobs when chosen by the tribal elders, or Judges. She must speak of her success not( in terms of her unique physical endowments but as something more ethereal. (One of last year's queens Miss America, as we recall paid tribute to Peale's Power Of Positive Thinking as her success formula and not her tape measurements.) Having been selected as the vestal LITTLE LATER, however, The Ad-vertiser decided that, while applauding the Dred Scott decision, it would be well to make it clear that it was not abating one Jot of its states rights stand. The result was a follow-up editorial that would satisfy any White Citizens Council of today even while it applauded the Supreme Court because It happened to be right in that particular case.

Said The Advertiser, In a front page editorial under date of July 15, 1857 (italics as in the original): We have never surrendered Southern rights to the bar of party construction, or the construction of the Supreme Court, even. "The constitution does say" as John Taylor of Caroline observes, "that their judgments shall be the supreme law of the land." We remember that the Supreme Court has not always affirmed Southern rights that a state is sovereign and must construe for herself in the7 last resort. The Supreme Court, however, has affirmed the Southern view of the act, and We rejoice the highest judicial tribunal known to the federal laws has nobly declared for the right. We support the decision of the Supreme Court because it is right, and secures us in our rights. "yHEN, in 1896, the Supreme Court handed down its historic decision in favor of the South, in the case of Plessy vs.

Ferguson, upholding the "sep-arate-but-equal" doctrine on which segregation was based, the decision caused scarcely a ripple. Maybe it was because it merely affirmed existing practice. Anyhow, a perusal of the editorial pages of The Advertiser following the decision failed to reveal any comment whatever. The Advertiser did carry a news story on Plessy vs. Ferguson, but it was "buried" in a way that would make a newspaperman of today writhe.

The case, upholding a Louisiana law requiring railroads to provide separate coaches for whites and Negroes, was decided May 18, 1896. On May 19, The Advertiser carried on Pg. 1 a story summarizing a number of Supreme Court decisions of the day before. The lead case the one reported In the first paragraph was an undistinguished one in which the court upheld the conviction for murder of a Louisiana man, one James Murray, alias Greasy Jim. Then it was told that the court had upheld Georgia's "Sunday rest" law.

RUCKED AWAY at the bottom of the list was the news that the court had also upheld the Louisiana "separate-but-equal" statute: The opinion states that by analogy of the laws of Congress and of many of the states requiring the establishment of separate schools for children of two races, and other similar laws, the statute in question was within the competency of the Louisiana legislature, exercising police power of the state. The report added, prophetically as it turned out: Justice Harlan announced a very vigorous In his view of the case, no power in the land had the right to regulate the enjoyment of civil rights upon the basis of race. It would he just as reasonable and proper, he said, for states to pass laws requiring separate cars to be furnished for Catholics and Protestants, or those of the Teutonic race and those of the Latin race. rpHE Birmingham State Herald did a little better in its news report on Plessy vs. Ferguson it carried the story under a separate head (one column) on Pg.

1. But it also had no editorial comment. It was In that year William Jennings Bryan ran for the Presidency the first time. The editorial columns of the two papers reeked with comment on Free Silver, Populists, and such like burning issues, of the day but nothing on the segregation decision that was to remain the law of the land 58 years. virgin for an arbitrary period, usually a year, she must endure all kinds of grueling exhibitionsm for which she is rewarded by loot and lucre.

Having fulfilled- her obligations, she is expected to marry some unknown bloke, preferably her childhood sweetheart. Then she must sink Into oblivion, never to be heard from again. The recently crowned Miss U.S A. seems running true to ritual. The following Is from a UP story out of Long Beach: "I'm very, very happy," Miss Carol Morris sobbed when she was introduced as Miss U.S.A.

to some 4,000 persons In Long Beach municipal auditorium. I only hope I can uphold the glory of our country italics supplied! in the finals." Long live the queen (36-25-36). Muddling Diplomacy The Middle East presents problems of diplomacy that would test the wisdom of King Solomon. Unfortunately, we do not have a Solomon, or even a Richelieu or a William Pitt handling our affairs In that quarter. Our policy, directed at the thorny task of keeping on good terms with both Israel and the Arabs, has often been unclear and vacillating.

An example is the worsening of relations with Egypt, which has caused the switching of our ambassador to that country to another post. He was bfamed for problems arising from Egypt's flirtation with the communists, when, his friends contend, the blame rests with mistaken policies imposed by Washing-! ton. The projected Aswan Dam is an 11 lustration. It is a pet project of Dictator Nasser, and would ease Egypt's population problem by expanding the Irrigated area, besides providing power. Last December we offered Egypt and the British offered to chip in $14,000,000, for preliminary work on the dam.

But disapproval of Egypt's recent activities, including its arms deal with the communists, caused Dulles to "reconsider." It is by no means Incumbent upon us to go around the world building dams for everybody that wants one. But making an offer and then reneging gives critics a chance to shout that we have gone back on a promise to the Arabs, again. Our representative at Athens is also being relieved. He got in trouble with the British when he made utterances on the Cyprus movement for union with Greece that were construed as pro-Greek. Here, again, American diplomacy showed a knack of offending one party to a dispute without conciliating the other.

The fact that American installations have been the targets of Greek mobs does not indicate that our Cyprus policy, Insofar as we may be said to have any, has won enthusiastic approval In Athens. Staking A Claim Chile recently reaffirmed her sovereign rights to Antarctic regions claimed by her since 1940, after refusing to submit a dispute with Britain to The Hague. The Chilean president has signed a decree "extending the application of existing legislation to the Antarctic." As of now, It would seem that they would be legislating merely for penguins and the other forms of animal life found in that desolate part of the world. From what we have heard of the' Antarctic, the North Polar areas seems almost benign by comparison. We should remember, however, that men have more than once grossly underestimated the potentialities of undeveloped areas.

France parted lightly with Canada, held up 200 years ago as a land of snow and Ice, not valued nearly as highly as the sugar-island of Haiti. President Thomas Jefferson was roundly criticized for throw- Ing away money on a wilderness when he bought Louisiana from France for a song a little more than 150 years ago. Eight here in Alabama, there was a time when "piney woods" areas were held In scant esteem by dwellers on stiffer, "stronger" soil. But It was found that the sandy lands respond to good handling, and some of the best farming country in the state Is now found in those areas. Antarctic resources seem to be pretty well hidden, but they should not be entirely written off on that account.

Whirligig Tucker military service act passed the Bundes-rat by a 270-160 vote, with 20 abstentions, and that the upper house is expected to approve It soon. But every indication Is that conscription is not popular with the people or with influential Industrial Interests. There is already an acute labor shortage, which would be aggravated by formation of a defense force. Enlistments are appallingly low. Wages and profits are high in the country's resurging economy, and they would suffer from rearmament' expenditures.

As here, the German mood is one of peace, prosperity, moderation, and, In a sense, "a plague on both your houses" attitude. Erich Ollenhauer's Social Democrats have made gains in recent elections, and their 1956-57 platform agrees with Russia's aims. It demands a complete reversal of the Adenauer program, including withdrawal from NATO and cancellation of conscription, if it should become effective. It urges improved and normal relations with Russia, Red China and the satellites. It shows sympathy for the neutral bloc recently discussed by Tito of Yugoslavia, Nasser of Egypt and Nehru of India.

As Democrats and Republicans tailor their declarations to captivate American voters, so Ollenhauer has trimmed his platform to accord with the Germans' war-weary temper. KREMLIN CONGRATULATES OLLENHAUER The Kremlin acted quickly to take advantage of this declaration. It sent a congratulatory message to Ollenhauer, with the following significant and suggestive paragraph: "After the victory over fascism, the necessary conditions have been created for war never to break out between the German and Soviet- peoples. And if our peoples unite their efforts In the strugr gle for peace, then war in Europe will become altogether impossible." The alternative implication, of course, Is that war will always be a possibility if Germany aligns itself with the West under Adenauer. (Released by McClure Newspaper Syndicate) can expect more of the same next year.

The trend that set in so clearly several years ago isn't abating but, on the contrary, accelerating. Evidence of this 13 the number of license plates the State Revenue Department Is preparing for the 1957 tag Anticipating a record in sales it has ordered 1,031,286 sets, some of which have already been delivered to probate judges. This number is a considerable Increase over the 943,396 sets sold for 1956 and the 855,942 sold for 1955. Alabama, truly, is rolling these days. Tuscaloosa Council The Tuscaloosa News The Tuscaloosa Council on Human Relations has performed a needed public service in acting as a community conscience and in calling upon top elements of leadership here to stand for maintenance of law and order.

The council is the first and only group to face up publicly to the possibility that difficulties may develop again at the University of Alabama in the fall and to urge the handling of whatever problems may arise without resort to violence and outside-the-law activity. The council is made up of about 50 members, both white and Negro. As an organization, it does not have the power and Influence that some other local groups possess. But it has called attention to a vacuum of responsible leadership in dealing with community reaction to possible racial discord in the fall. In doing so, it has discharged a responsibility and at the same time it has issued a challenge to those in position of constitutional authority, religious influence and civic weight.

We may not have Negro applicants at the University in the fall. But if we do not at that time, we are certain to have some apply later. If they are qualified, they must be admitted or the court's order must be disobeyed, as matters now stand. Whatever may be a person's viewpoint cn the overall issue, we have to face up to the question of how we are going to react to a situation where fellow citizens are taking advantage of constitutional rights affirmed by federal tribunals, i Alabama Editors Are Saying Marine Training The Baldin Times If the new-fangled Marine training system wins out over the old as a result of the McKeon court-martial going on now at Parris Island, there will be a lot of happy new recruits, but let's keep our fingers crossed and pray we never have another war. Against A Bolt The Opelika Daily News' If the newly elected Democratic National Committeeman from Alabama has his way, this state is not going to do another "forty-eight" and vote its electoral college strength for another Dixiecrat.

Charles W. McKay made known his views on Tuesday. He said he is opposed "to any move to take Alabama's electoral votes away from the regular Democratic presidential nominee." There is no certainty this view coincides with the plans of numerous other political figures in the state. The Dixiecrat spirit is not dead in Alabama, and only a strong civil rights plank in the Democratic platform Is required to blossom it out in full ray. The coming southwide meeting of chosen delegates prior to the convention could well set the stage for this defection.

Enough "hot heads" at this meeting could put over resolutions that would flout the convention and result in severer treatment than might otherwise be forthcoming under a more conciliatory atmosphere. That is why some conservative leaders are advising against the meeting. It is our position that Committeeman McKay is on firm ground when he "opposes any move to take Alabama's electoral votes away from the regular Democratic nominee." Of course, if the majority of voters want to choose Republican electors, that is entirely In their province. But if the Democratic nominees for elector are chosen, their votes should go where they belong to the national Democratic ticket. Alabama Is Rolling The Dothan Eagle Alabama motorists who agree that the highways In this state are crowded needed ways or lmprove- I ment.

Open your mind to the errors of the past i i w.nit. ft-r rect them by applying y. added understanding you have gained. 1 Open your mind to all the new ways of communication and transportation that have DAVIDSON made the world a neighborhood, thereby necessitating more understanding and cooperation. "Open your mind to the fact that no single race or nation has a monopoly on all the good things desired by men; that no government is the final and complete example of the best ways to regulate man and serve his total welfare; and that no program of world organization has yet embodied all essentials for permanent peace and progress.

Without open minds you limit improvement. For "minds are like parachutes," declared Lord Dewar. "They function only when they are open." Feeling The Pinch The Opp News There Is going to be a shortage of cotton ties unless the aluminum producers can fill the bill neglected by the steel plants now on strike. Each bale of cotton has six steel ties around it and there will be maybe 14 million bales this year. That means many tons of steel ties.

EXCESS The Cincinnati Enquirer Whatever Elvis Presley has that bring out the 'She-wolf In teen-age girls, ht has too much of..